Multifaceted ammonia transporters

Multifaceted regulations of gateway enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids.

Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders a vast variety of aromatic metabolites critically important for their growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Some of these aromatic compounds have high economic value. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first committed enzyme in the pathway; it diverts the central flux of carbon from primary metabolism to the synthesis of myriad...

Two Rhesus protein ammonia transporters team up to eliminate ammonium into urine.

RENAL AMMONIAGENESIS SERVES the de novo synthesis of bicarbonate consumed by metabolism and the excretion of acid. Ammonium is eventually excreted into urine after accumulation in the medullary interstitium. The process of ammonium excretion was long thought to be a mostly passive process mediated by simple diffusion of NH3 and NH4 and driven by urinary acidification and consequent trapping of ...

Renal expression of the ammonia transporters, Rhbg and Rhcg, in response to chronic metabolic acidosis.

Chronic metabolic acidosis induces dramatic increases in net acid excretion that are predominantly due to increases in urinary ammonia excretion. The current study examines whether this increase is associated with changes in the expression of the renal ammonia transporter family members, Rh B glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C glycoprotein (Rhcg). Chronic metabolic acidosis was induced in Sprague-Daw...

Ammonia and urea transporters in gills of fish and aquatic crustaceans.

The diversity of mechanisms of ammonia and urea excretion by the gills and other epithelia of aquatic organisms, especially fish and crustaceans, has been studied for decades. Although the decades-old dogma of ;aquatic species excrete ammonia' still explains nitrogenous waste excretion for many species, it is clear that there are many mechanistic variations on this theme. Even within species th...

Multifaceted Mathematicians